4.OA.2 - About the Math, Learning Targets, and Rigor
Grade 4 Multiplication and Division
4.OA.2
Full Standard
Multiply or divide to solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison, (e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem, distinguishing multiplicative comparison from additive comparison).
Measurement Topic
This standard is reported on the report card in these quarters as follows:
Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 |
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Report Card Measurement Topic: Solves one and two-step word problems with any operation. |
Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 |
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Report Card Measurement Topic: Solves one and two-step word problems with any operation. |
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Learning Targets
- Explain the difference between multiplicative (as many times as) and additive (more) comparisons.
- Represent and solve multiplicative comparison word problems by multiplying or dividing.
About the Math
The important question for multiplicative comparison problems is which factor to multiply one quantity in order to result in the other quantity. The image to the right shows multiplication and division problem solving structures (pictured, CCSS-M Table 2, Page 89
Download CCSS-M Table 2, Page 89). Essential vocabulary for this standard includes multiplicative comparison, and additive comparison. Visit the online dictionary
Links to an external site. or multilingual dictionary
Links to an external site. for vocabulary support.
Problem Solving Structures
Download Problem Solving Structures
Progression of Standard within Grade 4
This progression informs how to develop the standard within the grade level. This progression is provided by HCPSS Elementary Mathematics.
Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 |
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*Revisit this standard during the year through routines, independent practice, discussions, and other activities.
Progression of this Standard Across Grades
This progression is informed by the Achieve the Core Coherence Map Links to an external site.. Information is not the complete standard.
Grade 3 | Grade 5 |
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TASKS
These tasks can be used with small group or whole group instruction.
- Distribute Cuisenaire Rods to students and have students use them to represent multiplicative comparison problems. Pose a variety of word problems involving multiplicative comparison. See the About the Math tab on 4OA1. Ask students to explain what block(s) is representing what from the word problem. Example problems: Amy has 2 cats, her friend has 3 times as many cats. Ann is 5 years old and her brother is 2 times as old. Jamir bought 4 packs of baseball cards, there are 6 cards in a pack.
- Kamari builds a tower that is 18 inches high. Kamari’s tower is three times taller than his brother’s tower. How tall is his brother’s tower? Show a model, draw a picture, or write an equation to support your answer.
- What could a story problem, using multiplicative comparison, be for the equation 3 x 8?
- Kim had 4 taco shells. Her sister Shelly brought three times as many taco shells. (So 12 plus Kim’s 4 = 16.) Seven family members will eat tacos. If Kim gives everyone the same number of taco shells, how many will each person get?
- A shirt costs $15. A pair of sneakers costs four times as much. How much does the pair of sneakers cost? A hat is half as much as the sneakers, so how much does the hat cost? If Ken buys one hat, one pair of sneakers, and two shirts, how much has he spent?
- Mr. Hill has 17 marbles in his classroom. Ms. Rice has twice as many marbles as Mr. Hill. Mr. Hill borrowed all of Ms. Rice’s marbles so his students can play a game. Each student needs 4 marbles to play the game. How many students will be able to play the game?
SLIDE-BASED TASKS
These links are HCPSS created instructional tasks. These tasks are provided in Google slides. These tasks should be used for inspiration and resources, but instruction should start with students having the opportunity to engage with the math first (often involving physical and/or visual models) followed by discussion and explicit instruction to ensure student understanding.
Module 5 • Multiplicative Comparison and Connect Basic Facts Review (3s and 6s) to Factors and Multiples
Understand the difference between additive and multiplicative comparison:
Solve problems with multiplicative comparison:
Additional Tasks
These links provide instructional ideas connected to this standard. [NOTE: NCTM membership required for access to Illuminations lessons.]
- Comparing Money Raised Links to an external site. (Illustrative Math)
- At The Circus Links to an external site. (Georgia Department of Education, pg. 64-69)
- School Store Links to an external site.(Georgia Department of Education, pg. 70-75)
- Keeping It All Together Links to an external site. (NCTM Illuminations)
- All About Multiplication Links to an external site. (NCTM Illuminations)
- Six and Seven as Factors Links to an external site. (NCTM Illuminations)
- Six and Seven as Factors #2 Links to an external site.(NCTM Illuminations)
- More Multiplication Problem Solving Structures Download More Multiplication Problem Solving Structures (docx)
- Video Games Lesson Download Video Games Lesson (Utah Core Academy Lesson)
- Quidditch Cup Lesson Download Quidditch Cup Lesson (Utah Core Academy Lesson)
- Party Treats Download Party Treats (Utah Core Academy Lesson)
- Soup-er Students Download Soup-er Students (Utah Core Academy Lesson)
- Marbles Download Marbles (Utah Core Academy Lesson)
Tasks From Print Resources
These publications have been provided for each school. They are typically stored in team closets or the media center. Check with your team leader if you cannot find them.
Book Thumbnail | Book Title | Grade | Pages |
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Teaching Student-Centered Mathematics | 3-5 |
Story Translations, Activity 10.10, Page 307 |
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Brain-Compatible Activities for Mathematics |
4-5 | 19-24 | |
Math In Practice Teaching Fourth-Grade Math |
4 | Module 1 |
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Centers
These print resources can be used during independent or center time. These resources could also be used as lesson seeds.
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE/HOMEWORK/ASSESSMENT
These resource sheets can be used for independent practice, homework, or assessment. They are intended to reinforce procedures and concepts. They should not be used as a source of direct instruction or whole-group practice.
Understand the difference between additive and multiplicative comparison, note: use as bridge between +/- from previous weeks to x/÷ in this and upcoming weeks:
- Practice A Links to an external site.
- Practice B Links to an external site.
- Practice C Links to an external site.
- Differentiate Between Multiplicative and Additive Comparison a Links to an external site.
- Differentiate Between Multiplicative and Additive Comparison b Links to an external site.
- Differentiate Between Multiplicative and Additive Comparison c Links to an external site.
- Differentiate Between Multiplicative and Additive Comparison d Links to an external site.
- Distinguish x and + Comparisons Links to an external site.
- Distinguish x and + Comparisons_2 Links to an external site.
- Distinguish x and + Comparisons_3 Links to an external site.
Solve problems with multiplicative comparison:
- Practice A Links to an external site.
- Practice B Links to an external site.
- Practice C Links to an external site.
- Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems a Links to an external site.
- Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems b Links to an external site.
- Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems c Links to an external site.
- Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems d Links to an external site.
- Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems e Links to an external site.
- Use x/÷ to Solve Comparison Problems Links to an external site.
- Use x/÷ to Solve Comparison Problems_2 Links to an external site.
- Use x/÷ to Solve Comparison Problems_3 Links to an external site.
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Learning Targets
- Explain the difference between multiplicative (as many times as) and additive (more) comparisons.
- Represent and solve multiplicative comparison word problems by multiplying or dividing.
Learning targets identify what students should be able to do. This rubric can be applied to tasks and observations for assessment and/or grading.
Rubric for Tasks Links to an external site.
Visit the SBIR (Standards Based Instruction and Reporting) tab in Course Essentials for more information and clarification. There you will find the measurement topic crosswalk, report card comments, links to professional learning/resources and guidance.
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This course content is offered under a CC Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike
Links to an external site. license. Content in this course can be considered under this license unless otherwise noted.