KOAA2 About the Math, Learning Targets, and Opportunities for Enrichment

Kindergarten Mathematics Addition and Subtraction

K.OA.A.2

About the Math

Full Standard

Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

 

Measurement Topic

This standard is reported on the report card in these quarters as follows:

Kindergarten Students Learning Kindergarten Standards
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

 

 

Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of addition.

Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of subtraction.

 

About the Math

 Skills and concepts below are learning goals for this standard.

  • Represent addition word problems with objects or drawings.
  • Represent subtraction word problems with objects or drawings.
  • Add within 10. 
  • Subtract within 10.
  • Solve addition and subtraction word problems using objects and drawings.

When introducing addition and subtraction problems, make sure you are incorporating the various problem structures (refer to the "Problem Solving" page). Addition and subtraction problems are divided into categories based on the kinds of relationships that are involved. These include join problems, separate problems, part-part whole problems, and compare problems. Students do not need to know the structures but teachers should make sure when they are creating problems that all structures are represented.

 

Progression of Standard within Kindergarten

This progression informs how to develop the standard within the grade level. This progression is provided by HCPSS Elementary Mathematics.

Progression Throughout Year
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
  • Represent addition word problems with objects or drawings.
  • Represent subtraction word problems with objects or drawings.
  • Add within 10. 
  • Subtract within 10.
  • Solve addition and subtraction word problems using objects and drawings.

 

 

 

Progression of this Standard Across Grades

This progression is informed by the Achieve the Core Coherence Map Links to an external site.. Information is not the complete standard.

Progression Across Grades
Grade 1
  • Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems (1.OA.1)
  • Commutative Property and Associative Property (1.OA.3)
  • Understand subtraction as unknown addend (1.OA.4)
  • Add and subtract within 20 (1.OA.6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Instructional Tasks

Tasks 

 These tasks can be used with small group or whole group instruction. 

  • Show students an expression or equation. Example: 4 + 1. Allow students access to animal counters to tell a story that relates to the expression. Encourage students to share how their story connects to the expression. “I had four frogs sitting by a pond and then one more came over to join them.” Students can share their stories and/or draw a picture to match their story. Note: When students act out subtraction stories, make sure they understand the concept of removal. How can they show that in a drawing? Look for students who are building subtraction models with both quantities (like they would for addition) to correct any early misconceptions. Prompt them to show how they are taking away by crossing out objects.
  • Jazmin picked four apples from the tree. She needed 12 apples in all.  How many more apples does Jazmin need to pick?
  • There were 18 children on the soccer team. Ten of them were girls.  How many boys were on the swim team?
  • Twelve books were returned to the library. Four more books were dropped off.  How many books were returned to the library altogether?
  • Jose earned 4 smiley faces in the morning. He needed 8 at the end of the day to play basketball.  How many more smiley faces does he need?

 

SLIDE-BASED TASKS 

 These links are HCPSS created instructional tasks. These tasks are provided in Google slides. These tasks should be used for inspiration and resources, but instruction should start with students having the opportunity to engage with the math first (often involving physical and/or visual models) followed by discussion and explicit instruction to ensure student understanding.

Module 8 • Decomposing and Adding to 5

Module 9 • Subtraction Within 5

Module 11 • Addition and Subtraction Word Problems

Solve Result Unknown Problems, Addition with Sums to 10:

Solve Result Unknown Problems, Subtraction with Differences Within 10:

Solve Total Unknown and Two Unknown Addends Problems, Sums to 10:

Solve Mixed Addition and Subtraction Problems (to 10/within 10):

 

 

Additional Tasks 

These links provide instructional ideas connected to this standard. 

 

 

Tasks From Print Resources

These publications have been provided for each school. They are typically stored in team closets or the media center. Check with your team leader if you cannot find them. 

All kindergarten teams have been provided with the resources listed below.

Print Resources
Book Thumbnail Title Reference
Teaching Student-Centered Mathematics by: John A. Van de Walle and Lou Ann H. Lovin
  • Activity 3.2 - Missing Part Subtraction, p. 74
Hands-On Standards published by: Learning Resources
  • Lesson 13 - Joining Problems, p. 40
  • Lesson 14 - Using the Plus Sign, p. 42
  • Lesson 16 - Separating Problems, p. 46
  • Lesson 17 - Using the Minus Sign, p. 48
  • Lesson 22 - Addition: Sums to 10, p. 58
  • Lesson 23 - Subtraction: Differences from 10, p. 60
Math Intervention K-2 by: Jennifer Taylor-Cox
  • Big Top Twelve, p. 96-97
  • Hungry Frog, p. 113-114
  • Broken Towers, p. 117
  • Compare Bear, p. 120-121
  • Hundred Tic-Tac-Toe, p. 124
  • X Marks the Spot, p. 127-130
  • Funny Bunny, p. 133-136
  • Race to the Top, p. 139-141
  • Race to the Bottom, p. 144-145
   Developing Number Concepts Book 2 by: Kathy Richardson
  • Activity 1-5: Acting Out Stories to go With Equations, p. 25
  • Activity 1-6: Roll and Count, p. 26
  • Activity 1-11: Complex Addition/Subtraction Stories, p. 31
  • Activity 2-18: Counting Boards: Making up Number-Combination Stories, p. 86
  • Activity 3-20: Counting Boards: Think and Write p. 143
   Basic Math Facts by: Susan O'Connell and John SanGiovanni
  • Circle Circle, p. 26
  • Capture and Count, p. 27
  • Fact Card Jumps, p. 44
  • Hop The Line, p. 44
  • Dot Card Addition- Link to Dot Card Addition Cards and Dot Card Add Wheel, p. 44
  • Plus One Two Bingo- Link to Addition Bingo and Addition Bingo Wheel, p. 44

 

 

Tasks Connected to Literature

Suggested titles to support the standard can be found below. Check your school library or Howard County Library System for availability, or purchase using Materials of Instruction (MOI) funds. When available, select links to view activities aligned to each title.

Animals on Board

by Stuart J Murphy

 

 

 

Fish Eyes

by Lois Ehlert

Elevator Magic

by Stuart J Murphy

One Duck Stuck

by Phyllis Root

Ten Little Caterpillars

by Bill Martin, Jr.

 

 

 

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Centers and Practice

Centers

These print resources can be used during independent or center time. These resources could also be used as lesson seeds.

 

PRACTICE/ASSESSMENT

 These materials can be used for independent practice and/or for assessment purposes. These tasks align with the learning goals for the standard. 

Assessment and Instructional Tasks

 

 

 

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Assessment

Full Standard

Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

 

Measurement Topic

The standard is reported on the report card through these measurement topics. Expand the measurement topic for a description of what students who meet expectation are able to do.

 

Kindergarten Students Learning Kindergarten Standards by Measurement Topic

Demonstrates understanding of addition

Quarter 3

  • Model addition word problems with numbers, objects and/or drawings.
  • Create an equation to match an addition situation.
  • Accurately solve addition word problems (within 10) using an appropriate strategy and/or tools.

Demonstrates understanding of subtraction

Quarter 3

  • Model subtraction word problems with numbers, objects and/or drawings.
  • Create an equation to match a subtraction situation.
  • Accurately solve subtraction word problems (within 10) using an appropriate strategy and/or tools.

 

KOA2 Anecdotal Data Collection Tool for Addition Links to an external site.

KOA2 Anecdotal Data Collection Tool for Subtraction Links to an external site.

Visit the SBIR (Standards Based Instruction and Reporting) page in Course Essentials for more information and clarification. 

 

Rubric (for thinking and reasoning evidence)

Use this rubric for observation and constructed responses (tasks that require explanation, justification, and/or representation).

Rubric for Tasks (pdf) Links to an external site.

 

Exemplars for this standard (if available)

These samples are examples of what it might look like for a student who MEETS EXPECTATIONS, is MAKING PROGRESS, and/or is MAKING LIMITED/NO PROGRESS.

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