3.OA.4 - About the Math, Learning Targets, and Rigor
Grade 3 Multiplication and Division
3.OA.A.4
Full Standard
Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 × ? = 48, 5 = ? ÷ 3, 6 × 6 = ?
Measurement Topic
This standard is reported on the report card in these quarters as follows:
Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 |
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Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of multiplication.
Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of division. |
Learning Target
- Determine the unknown number in multiplication and division problems such as in the following examples: 8 x 9 = ?, 8 x ? = 48, ? x 3 = 27, 28 ÷ 7 = ?, ? ÷ 6 = 3, and 35 ÷ ? = 7.
About the Math
- Determine the unknown number in multiplication and division problems such as in the following examples: 8 x 9 = ?, 8 x ? = 48, ? x 3 = 27, 28 ÷ 7 = ?, ? ÷ 6 = 3, and 35 ÷ ? = 7.
It is critical that students can connect an equation to a problem or situation. They should connect equations with unknowns to problems as well. Students need to apply their understanding of multiplication and division to identify an unknown in an equation. Students need to see the relationship between multiplication and division. Students must see the solution to an equation on both sides of the equal sign so 7 =63 ÷ ? Students should be comfortable with the unknown number in an equation being in any position. 8 x n = 24, 4 = 32 ÷ n, 4 x 3 = n.
Essential vocabulary for this standard includes unknown, product, quotient, unknown, multiplication, product, factor, and quotient .
Progression of Standard within Grade 3
This progression informs how to develop the standard within the grade level. This progression is provided by HCPSS Elementary Mathematics.
Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 |
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Progression of this Standard Across Grades
This progression is informed by the Achieve the Core Coherence Map Links to an external site.. Information is not the complete standard.
Grade 2 | Grade 4 |
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This concept is not taught prior to grade 3. |
Area and perimeter of rectangles in real world and mathematical problems (4.MD.3) |
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TASKS
These tasks can be used with small group or whole group instruction.
- Write four equations with n, where n would solve all of them. (ie. 4 x n= 8, 10 = 5 x n, n x 6 = 12, 16 = n x 8.
- Alesia has 32 cupcakes to sell at the bake sale. What are possible package arrangements that she could make? Write an equation for each arrangement.
- The classroom has 30 desks. How many different ways could you arrange the desks?
- Explain to a friend how you found n in the equation 4 x n = 40.
- There are 50 ants on the ant hill. If there are 5 groups of 4 red ants, how many possible equal groups of black ants are there?
- 40 = 8 x n What does n equal? Represent this equation to show how you found the answer.
- 3 x n = 24 and 4 x n = 24 Determine the missing factor in each equation. Use what you know about multiplication to explain why the second unknown factor must be less than the first unknown factor.
Slide-Based Tasks
These links are HCPSS created instructional tasks. These tasks are provided in Google slides. These tasks should be used for inspiration and resources, but instruction should start with students having the opportunity to engage with the math first (often involving physical and/or visual models) followed by discussion and explicit instruction to ensure student understanding.
Module 12 • Perimeter and Understanding Area and Basic Facts (3s)
Determine the Unknown in a Multiplication or Division Equation:
Additional Tasks
These links provide instructional ideas connected to this standard.
- Finding the Unknown in a Division Equation Links to an external site. (Illustrative Math)
- What Comes First, the Chicken or the Egg? Links to an external site. (Georgia Department of Education, pages 94-97)
- Field Day Blunder Links to an external site. (Georgia Department of Education, pages 158-161)
Tasks From Print Resources
These publications have been provided for each school. They are typically stored in team closets or the media center. Check with your team leader if you cannot find them.
Book Thumbnail | Book Title | Grade | Pages |
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Teaching Student-Centered Mathematics |
K-3 |
84 (The Broken Multiplication Key, Activity 3.6) |
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Nimble with Numbers | 3-4 | 115-127 |
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Fundamentals | 3 | 36 (Multiplication Mania) |
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Groundworks: Reasoning with Numbers | 3 |
56 - 63 88-104 |
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Hands on Standards | 3-4 |
26-27 (Lesson 6) 28-29 (Lesson 7) 34-35 (Lesson 10) |
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Problem-Driven Math | 3 | 73-75 |
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Brain-Compatible Activities for Mathematics | 2-3 | 51-53 |
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Connections | 3 |
16-19 (Pattern Blocks Times Tables) 20-23 (Rainbow 100) |
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SuperSource (Pattern Blocks) | K-2 | 34-37 |
Math In Practice Teaching Third-Grade Math |
3 | Module 1 |
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Centers
These print resources can be used during independent or center time. These resources could also be used as lesson seeds.
- Missing Numbers with Multiplication Download Missing Numbers with Multiplication (HCPSS-adapted resource)
- Division Missing Numbers Equations Download Division Missing Numbers Equations (HCPSS-adapted resource)
- The Factor Game Links to an external site. (HCPSS-adapted resource)
- Homes For Facts Download Homes For Facts (HCPSS-adapted resource)
- What's Your Number? Download What's Your Number? (HCPSS-adapted resource)
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE/HOMEWORK/ASSESSMENT
These resource sheets can be used for independent practice, homework, or assessment. They are intended to reinforce procedures and concepts. They should not be used as a source of direct instruction or whole-group practice.
Determine the Unknown in a Multiplication or Division Equation:
- Practice A Links to an external site.
- Practice B Links to an external site.
- Practice C Links to an external site.
- Practice D Links to an external site.
- Practice E Links to an external site.
- Practice F Links to an external site.
- Determine the Unknown a Links to an external site.
- Determine the Unknown b Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown (multiplication) Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown_2 (multiplication) Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown_3 (division) Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown_4 (division) Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown_5 Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown_6 Links to an external site.
- Determine Unknown_7 Links to an external site.
- Determine and Explain Unknown Links to an external site.
- Determine and Explain Unknown_2 Links to an external site.
- Determine and Explain Unknown_3 Links to an external site.
Determine the Unknown in an Equation Related to Area:
- Practice A Links to an external site.
- Practice B Links to an external site.
- Practice C Links to an external site.
- Determine the Unknown in Multiplication or Division Related to Area a Links to an external site.
- Determine the Unknown in Multiplication or Division Related to Area b Links to an external site.
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Learning Target
- Determine the unknown number in multiplication and division problems such as in the following examples: 8 x 9 = ?, 8 x ? = 48, ? x 3 = 27, 28 ÷ 7 = ?, ? ÷ 6 = 3, and 35 ÷ ? = 7.
Learning targets identify what students should be able to do. The resources below can be used to measure student understanding of the standard. This rubric can be applied to tasks and observations for assessment and/or grading.
Rubric for Tasks Links to an external site.
Visit the SBIR (Standards Based Instruction and Reporting) tab in Course Essentials for more information and clarification. There you will find the measurement topic crosswalk, report card comments, links to professional learning/resources and guidance.
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Links to an external site. license. Content in this course can be considered under this license unless otherwise noted.