Grade 4 • Mathematics GT • Geometry and Measurement

Grade 4 Mathematics GT

Geometry and Measurement

Geometry and Measurement Vocabulary

  • Volume: the amount of space that a three-dimensional figure contains; volume is expressed in cubic units, (how many small cubes would fit inside a solid figure)
  • Cube: a solid figure with six congruent square faces
  • Cubic unit: the volume of a cube 1 unit on each edge
  • Rectangular prism: a solid figure in which all six faces are rectangles
  • Base: a side of a polygon or a face of a solid figure by which the figure is measured or named
  • Edge: the line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet
  • Polygon: a closed plane figure
  • Side: the segment used to form a polygon; a ray used to form an angle
  • Vertex/vertices: the point of intersection between to sides
  • Formula: a rule that uses symbols to relate two or more quantities
  • Fraction: a symbol that names parts of a whole, a part of a set, a location on a number line or a division of whole numbers
  • Prism: a solid object that has two identical ends and all flat sides
  • Unit fraction: a fraction that names one part of a whole
  • Perpendicular: intersecting lines that form right angles
  • Axis: either of two lines drawn perpendicular to each other in a graph
  • Intersect: lines that have exactly one point in common
  • Origin: the point (0,0), where the x- and y-axes of a coordinate plane intersect
  • Coordinate: shown as pairs of letters and/or numbers, e.g. (2,4); used to show position on a coordinate plane or map.
  • X-axis: the horizontal line on a coordinate plane
  • Y-axis: the vertical line on a coordinate plane
  • X-coordinate: the first number in an ordered pair that tells the position left or right of the y-axis
  • Y-coordinate: the second number in an ordered pair that tells the position above or below the x-axis
  • Ordered pair: a pair of numbers where order is important, (4,6) is different to (6,4); often used to indicate on a coordinate plane, graph, or map
  • Quadrant: one of the four regions into which the x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane; the axes are not part of the quadrant
  • Coordinate plane: a plane containing two perpendicular axes (x and y) intersecting at a point called the origin (0,0).

Geometry and Measurement Activities 

Geometry

  • Make flashcards of different geometric figures and their properties.
  • Identify different plane and solid figures in your environment.
  • Make nets for different solid figures using graph paper. Compare nets that work to nets that do not fold correctly to make the figures.
  • Write clues to describe polygons. Try to guess your partners' polygon.
  • Use a compass or computer to draw geometric figures.
  • Using paper, draw a net of a three-dimensional figure. Using color pencils, decorate and cut.
  • Name two-dimensional figures and find examples at home.
  • Draw different polygons within a piece of triangle grid paper, or use combinations of triangles to create other polygons.

Volume

  • Find the volume of real-world objects in your home.
  • Compare the estimated volume of a carton or bottle of liquid (such as 1/2 gallon juice or milk or two liter bottle of lemonade) in cubic inches or centimeters to its stated volume in ounces or milliliters.
  • Take the measurements of your bedroom. Determine the amount of carpet needed to cover the floor. Determine the amount of wallpaper to cover your walls.
  • Estimate the size of your bedroom. Determine the area and volume of your bedroom. Think about different ways you could figure out the volume without measuring with a yardstick or measuring tape.

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