1.OA.B.3 - About the Math, Learning Targets, and Increasing Rigor

Grade 1 Number Concepts

1.OA.B.3

Full Standard

Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract.3 Examples: If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12. (Associative property of addition.)

 

Measurement Topic

This standard is reported on the report card in these quarters as follows:

1st Grade Students Learning 1st Grade Standards
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of addition.

Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of addition.

 
Kindergarten Students Learning 1st Grade Standards
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

 

Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of addition.

Report Card Measurement Topic: Demonstrates understanding of addition.

 

About the Math

Skills and concepts below are learning goals for this standard.

  • Explain that changing the order of the addends (numbers) does not change the sum using varied representations. (Quarter 1)
  • Explain that when adding three number in any order, the sum does not change (e.g., 2 + 3 + 1 = 5 + 1). (Quarter 3 and 4)
  • Represent properties of operations with equations.
  • Use properties of operations to add and subtract.

It is a focus for students to discover and apply the commutative and associative properties as strategies for solving addition problems.

5 dominos with different number of pipsThe commutative property of addition tells us that the order of addends does not change the sum. It can help us find unknown facts. It can help us be more efficient. We might use dominoes to model the commutative property. We might use unifix or linker cubes. Ask students to show addition problems using unifix cubes or linker cubes. Say: "Show me 5 + 4 using two different colors". Students could show 5 red cubes and 4 blue cubes. Ask them to look at the bar and then turn it over so there are 4 blue cubes and 5 red cubes. Ask: So is 5 + 4 the same as 4 + 5? How do you know?

The associative property of addition tells us that the order of adding more than 2 addends does not matter. It also tells us that we can decompose an addend and rearrange the partial addends. This is useful for making computation more friendly. For example, in 7 + 5 we can decompose 5 into 3 + 2 and then add 7 + 3 + 2. The associative property begins in the 3rd quarter to support work with the basic fact sets in that quarter as well as addition with two-digit numbers. 

IMPORTANT NOTE: Students do not need to memorize/recall the terms commutative or associative. As teachers, we must use the correct terminology. Also, the commutative property should not be called the "flip-flop" property or something else less formal. Students do not need to record the associative property with parenthesis. It is important for students to share, discuss, and compare their strategies as a class. First graders should be working with sums and differences less than or equal to 20 using the numbers 0 to 20.

 
Provide investigations that require students to identify and then apply a pattern or structure in mathematics. For example, pose a string of addition and subtraction problems involving the same three numbers chosen from the numbers 0 to 20, like 4 + 13 = 17 and 13 + 4 = 17. Students analyze number patterns and create conjectures or guesses. Have students choose other three number combinations and explore to see if the patterns work for all numbers 0 to 20. Students then share and discuss their reasoning. Be sure to highlight students’ uses of the commutative and associative properties and the relationship between addition and subtraction. Essential vocabulary for this standard includes: addition, add, subtraction, subtract, commutative, and associative property (online dictionary Links to an external site., Download HCPSS Vocabulary Cards

).

 

Progression of Standard within Grade 1

This progression informs how to develop the standard within the grade level. This progression is provided by HCPSS Elementary Mathematics.

Progression Throughout Year
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
  • Explain that adding zero to any number does not change the number using varied representations. (Quarter 1)
  • Explain that changing the order of the addends (numbers) does not change the sum using varied representations. (Quarter 1)
  • Represent properties of operations with equations.
  • Use properties of operations to add and subtract.
  • Represent properties of operations with equations.
  • Use properties of operations to add and subtract.
  • Explain that when adding three number in any order, the sum does not change (e.g., 2 + 3 + 1 = 5 + 1). (Quarter 3 and 4)
  • Represent properties of operations with equations.
  • Use properties of operations to add and subtract.
*Revisit this standard through routines, independent practice, discussions, and other activities.

 

Progression of this Standard Across Grades

This progression is informed by the Achieve the Core Coherence Map Links to an external site.. Information is not the complete standard.

Progression Across Grades
Kindergarten Grade 2
  • Use objects or drawings to solve addition and subtraction word problems (K.OA.2)
  • Explain why addition and subtraction strategies work (2.NBT.9)

 

 

 

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