Grade 3 • Mathematics • Multiplication and Division

Grade 3 Mathematics

Multiplication and Division

Multiplication: an operation on two numbers to find their product (It can be thought of as repeated addition.)
Factor: a number that is multiplied by another number to get a product
Product: the result of multiplication
Multiple: a product of two whole numbers
Array: an arrangement that shows objects in columns and rows
Division: to make equal groups
Dividend: a number that is divided by another number
Quotient: the number, not including the remainder, that results from dividing
Grouping: dividing things into equal groups (sets)
Partition: to divide into parts
Remainder: the amount left over when a whole number cannot be divided into equal whole numbers
Equation: a mathematical statement containing an equal sign, to show that two expressions are equal
Addition: to join two or more groups
Addend: a number that is added to another in an addition problem (in 2 + 3 = 5, 2 and 3 are addends)
Sum: the answer to an addition problem (in 2 + 3 = 5, 5 is the sum)
Subtraction: to find the difference when two groups are compared or to find out how many are left when items are taken away from a group
Difference: the answer to a subtraction problem (in 8 – 3 = 5, 5 is the difference)
Estimation: a number close to an exact amount
Mental Computation: the calculation of something mentally

Make arrays out of household items (e.g., pennies, beans, blocks).
Select multiplication or division facts to illustrate or write a word problem.
Hunt for multiple sets of objects in the home. Use repeated addition and multiplication to find the totals.
Sort coins according to type, count the number of coins and then multiply to find the total value of pennies (x 1), nickels (x 5), dimes (x 10) and quarters (x 25).
Count quantities of items by 2’s, 3’s, 5’s, and 10’s.
Roll 2 number cubes to determine the factors. Make an array to find the product.
Act out division problems with counters. For example, Brad has 12 rabbits. He puts the same number of rabbits into each of 4 cages. How many rabbits does Brad put in each cage?
Roll 2 number cubes and write the fact families. For example, for rolls of 4 and 6, write: 4 X 6 = 24, 6 X 4 = 24, 24 ÷ 6 = 4, 24 ÷ 4 = 6.
Ask your student to find the missing factor. For example, 5 X what number = 35?